KHALED, M., EL-RAWY, A. (2012). INFLUENCE OF SOME SEEDING AND NITROGEN RATES ON GRAIN YIELD AND INSECT NATURAL INFESTATION OF SOME WHEAT CULTIVARS. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 90(3), 1169-1187. doi: 10.21608/ejar.2012.162978
MOHAMED A. KHALED; ADEL M. EL-RAWY. "INFLUENCE OF SOME SEEDING AND NITROGEN RATES ON GRAIN YIELD AND INSECT NATURAL INFESTATION OF SOME WHEAT CULTIVARS". Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 90, 3, 2012, 1169-1187. doi: 10.21608/ejar.2012.162978
KHALED, M., EL-RAWY, A. (2012). 'INFLUENCE OF SOME SEEDING AND NITROGEN RATES ON GRAIN YIELD AND INSECT NATURAL INFESTATION OF SOME WHEAT CULTIVARS', Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 90(3), pp. 1169-1187. doi: 10.21608/ejar.2012.162978
KHALED, M., EL-RAWY, A. INFLUENCE OF SOME SEEDING AND NITROGEN RATES ON GRAIN YIELD AND INSECT NATURAL INFESTATION OF SOME WHEAT CULTIVARS. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 2012; 90(3): 1169-1187. doi: 10.21608/ejar.2012.162978
INFLUENCE OF SOME SEEDING AND NITROGEN RATES ON GRAIN YIELD AND INSECT NATURAL INFESTATION OF SOME WHEAT CULTIVARS
1Wheat Department, Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
2Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Abstract
A Field experiment was performed on Bahteem Agric. Res. Station Farm Qalubia Governorate , during the two growing seasons 2009/10 and 2010/11 to study the effect of three seeding rates i.e. 300, 350 and 400 grains /m2 and two nitrogen fertilizer levels i.e. 75 and 90 kg N/fed on yield and yield components as well as grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages . In addition the intensity of natural infestation with cereal aphids and leafminer on six wheat cultivars i.e. Sakha 93, Sakha 94, Gemmeiza 10 and Sids 12 (bread wheat); Beni-Sweif 4 and Beni-Sweif 5 (durum wheat) was also investigated. Results indicated that Beni-Sweif 4 cultivar exhibited longer period to heading (89.5 days) and to maturity (140.5 days). On the other hand, Beni-Sweif 5 exhibited taller plants (101.2 cm) followed by Beni-Sweif 4 (99.9 cm) and Sids 12 (97.5 cm). While Beni-Sweif 5 and Sids 12 cultivars gave more spikes (518.5 and 516.1 spikes/ m2, respectively), but highest number of grains /spike was shown by Beni-Sweif 5 and Beni-Sweif 4 (67.4 and 66.0 grains/spike, respectively).The highest values of 1000-grain weight and grain yield were in Beni-Sweif 4 and Sids 12 (48.6 and 48.5 g & 16.2 and 16.3 ardab/fed., respectively). While Beni-Sweif 4 gave the highest value of straw yield (3.6 ton/fed.).On the other hand, Beni-Sweif 5 and Beni-Sweif 4 cultivars gave the highest values of grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages (12.2 and 11.9 % & 76.7 and 75.8%, respectively). As seeding rate increased caused a significant increase in period to heading (90 days) and to maturity (138 days), number of spikes/m2 (522.1 spikes /m2 ) and straw yield (3.5 ton /fed.) and caused a significant decrease in plant height (89.6 cm), number of grains/spike (56.6 grains/spike), 1000-grain weight (42.9 g), grain yield (15.5 ardab/fed.) and also decrease in grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages (11 and 71.3%,respectively). Seeding rate of 300 grains/m2 was caused a significant increase in plant height (101.4 cm), number of grains /spike (64.8 grains/spike), 1000-grain weight (49.2 g), grain yield (16.2 ardab /fed.) and also caused increase in grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages (11.8 and 73.2%,respectively). Increasing nitrogen rate from 75 to 90 Kg /fed caused a significant increase in plant height (97.3 cm), number of spikes /m2 (514.7 spikes /m2 ), number of grains /spike (61.5 grains/spike),1000-grain weight (46.8 g), grain yield (16.2 ardab /fed.), straw yield (3.4 ton /fed.) and also caused increase in grain crude protein and total carbohydrate percentages (11.5 and 72.6%,respectively). For insect infestation, results revealed that Beni-Sweif 4 and Sids 12 cultivars were significantly effective in decreasing number of cereal aphids (62.1 and 83.3 aphids /10 plants, respectively). On the other hand, Beni-Sweif 4 and Beni-Sweif 5 showed the least number of leafminer (2.4 and 3.4 mines & 1.5 and 2.2 larvae /100 leaves, respectively). Increasing seeding rate from 300 grains/m2 to 400 grains /m2 caused a significant increase in number of cereal aphids (159.5 aphids /10 plants) and leafminer (9.2 mines and 6.7 larvae /100 leaves). The least number of cereal aphids (82.1 aphids /10 plants) and leafminer (3.7 mines and 2.5 larvae /100 leaves) were obtained at a seeding rate of 300 grains /m2. Increasing nitrogen rate from 75 to 90 Kg /fed caused a significant increase in number of cereal aphids (133.3 aphids /10 plants) and leafminer (7.9 mines and 5.6 larvae /100 leaves). From these results, it could be concluded that sowing Sids 12 cultivar (bread wheat) or Beni-Sweif 4 cultivar (durum wheat) under seeding rate of 300 grains/m2 and applying 90 KgN/fed gave the highest grain yield/fed and least infestation by cereal aphids and leafminer.
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