Physiological, biochemical, and enzymatic implications of “salt and lead” tolerance in Cicer arietinum under hydroponic culture condition

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Dept. of Biotechnology, Shri Alpesh N Post Graduate Institute of Science and Research, Anand

2 Department of Biotechnology, Shri Alpesh N Patel PG Institute of Science and Research, Anand affiliated to Sardar Patel University

Abstract

Cicer arietinum is a legume harvested worldwide for its high protein content (20%), which makes it a great meat substitute. Chickpea generally accumulates lead in contaminated soil, particularly when contaminated with Pb(NO3)2. In hydroponic culture conditions, germinated seeds were grown in Hoagland's nutrient medium for 7 d at 23 ± 2°C and 2 h of light. A salt (NaCl) and a metal (Pb) treatment were then applied to the grown plants for 7-8 days while they were in Hoagland's nutrient medium. One test sample was grown in normal Hoagland's mixture of nutrients as control (C), another three were treated with 1 M (T1), 3 M (T2), and 5 M (T3) (Pb) metal concentrations and the remaining three were treated with 20 M, 40 M, and 60 M (salt concentrations), and the remaining three plants were treated with a combination of metal and salt concentrations of 1 + 40 M (T7), 3 + 40 M (T8), and 5 + 40 M (T9) respectively. The control plants showed the best output as compared to all the treatments. The biochemical aspects such as total soluble sugar, and total amino acids provided drastic conditions as treated with salt and metals. The proline, phenol productions were indicating the presence of stress. The mineral contents and the enzymatic activities also contributed positively due to the toxicity contributions of metal and soil toxicity. Thus, it appears that the combination of metal and salt stress has a greater reduction in biomass on the growth of C. arietinum.

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