Major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) of Honeybees, Functions, and Biological Activities

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan

2 Department of Entomology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan

3 Qiqihar University, Department of plant protection, china

4 Abdul Wali Khan Unversity Mardan , Pakistan

5 Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, KPK, Pakistan

Abstract

Honeybees are important to produce honey and many other valuable products such as royal jelly, pollen, bee wax, and bee venom. Royal jelly is a special milky substance secreted by the pharyngeal glands of the heads of young worker honeybees. As a mixture, royal jelly contains a variety of organic and inorganic components. Nutrition to queens and three-day-old larvae affects the behavior and regulates the physiological functions of individual bees. In addition, royal jelly proteins perform amazing biological functions for other organisms. this paper reviews, the Classification, Functions, and different MRJPs members. Further, the Nutritional and health benefits ofmembers of Major Royal Jelly Proteins (MRJPs), the Systematic evolution of MRJPs, and the expression of the MRJPs gene in honeybees. The content and functions of each member of the MRJPs protein family are not the same, and even the expression of the same member in different tissues leads to changes in the physiological functions. the breadth and depth of application of royal jelly products.

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