A Quick PCR Detection of Ustilago tritici for Early Control of Loose Smut in Wheat Using TiO2 and ZnO Nanoparticles

Document Type : Original Article

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Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12619, Giza, Egypt

Abstract

Loose smut disease, is one of the most significant diseases of wheat, which caused by Ustilago tritici . Embryos examination and advanced technique were used to detect Ustilago tritici in seeds. The progress of the disease was monitored using two treatments: TiO2 and ZnO2 nanoparticles. Three of the wheat cultivars, Sakha 61, Sakha 93, and Gemmeiza-11, had highly significant percentages of embryos infected with U. tritci up to 89%, with high values of infection severity up to 24.1%. Sakha-95, Sids-14, Misr-1, Misr-2 and Misr-3 cultivars did not exhibit any infection in the lab, but in the field, the infection rate was up to 30%. Ustilago tritici-specific primer pairs Uh1 and Uh4 were used to detect it at 574 bp in Sakha-95. TiO2 and ZnO2 nanoparticles exhibited reduced radial growth and growth inhibition of U. tritici fungus, reduced the infection 70% to less than 10% compared to the control, and had nearly the same efficacy as the fungicide Hattric. In addition, the nanoparticle treatments resulted in a higher activity of CAT and POX than control plants at 30, 60, and 90 days, but the highest increase was recorded at 90 days, matching the values obtained after the fungicide Hattric application. The expression profile of TaPR5 was significantly greater in the TiO2NPs and ZnO2NPs-treated plants compared to infected plants (untreated plants). The findings of this study provide compelling proof of the high efficacy of these novel nanoparticles in promoting plant development and disease suppression.

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